ini adalah isi chatting saya dengan seorang teachers aide di Singapore. Saya hanya copy and paste sahaja. Semoga ianya mengundang pandangan dari para pembaca semua untuk dibincangkan demi masa depan anak-anak kita.
As in Singapore, for kindergarten students if a teacher suspects a student has a special needs, the headmaster would advise the parents to bring the student for further assessment. Once a diagnosis is made, the hospital would give recommendation for support through memo or report. Here parents have to see doctors in government health clinics to hospital or any private setting that make assessment.
As in Singapore, for kindergarten students if a teacher suspects a student has a special needs, the headmaster would advise the parents to bring the student for further assessment. Once a diagnosis is made, the hospital would give recommendation for support through memo or report. Here parents have to see doctors in government health clinics to hospital or any private setting that make assessment.
At primary schools, they have special needs officers to look into and
identify those who are suspected as SEN. If a child already has a diagnosis
during the registration at primary 1 (P1), the school needs to follow up the
recommendations for the students.
All P1 students need to sit for school readiness test that mainly focus
on language and arithmetic. Based on the result of the test, the bottom percentile
will be channeled into 2 programmes which are learning support for English (LSP)
and and Learning Support for Mathemathic. This is a bridging programme to close
up any learning gaps. This kids will be pulled out from their main class during
some English and math periods for a smaller group remediation during curriculum
hours.
Both programmes will last for 2 years from P1-P2. The LSP focuses more
on phonics,reading and spelling. At the end of P2 all students will be assessed
by educational psychologists from the ministry to ascertain as to whether they
meet the criteria for the diagnosis of dyslexia. If they do, they will be channelled
to school based dyslexia remediation program (SDR) at P3. This is another 2
year programme which the kids will have to go through until the end of P4.
If they are deemed to have other forms of learning needs or
difficulties the ministry will inform the school. The school aides will then
have to follow up to refer the cases to their own educational psychologist
assigned to a cluster of schools also sent by ministry. If parents agree to
assessment, they will proceed to assess the kids.
In a case where the kids are found to have low IQ which we term as Mild
Intellectual Impairment (MID), the psychologist will then recommend for special
school placement in the report. The school
will be dependent on the range of IQ levels. For IQ 50-70 they have
couple of schools that cater to this kids. For IQ 40 and below they have couple
of other schools. The ADE will then sit together with the educational
psychologists to convince the parents to apply for placement at these schools, subject to vacancy.
These psychologists are based in ministry HQ and will come down to
schools to conduct the assessments. In Singapore, teachers do expect kids to
read at P1 level. Ratio of educational psychologist in Singapore is 1 for 5-6 schools
For learning cases the referral will be made to and assessed by
educational psychologists. They also can assess acses like autism. For cases
like behavioural, psychological and emotional casessuch as ADHD, selective
mutism, the ADE have to refer them to clinical psychologist through the school
counselor.
So the ducational spychologist are from the ministry side. For clinical
spychologist, the ADE have to refer to team called REACH which are based in
government hospitals based on zone. So for his school, he have to refer to
REACH (west). There are 4 REACH teams.
The clinical psychologist will then come over to school top conduct the
assessment and some sessions will be adone at the hospital side. But they willl
work closely and keep the ADE and school counselor posted on the progress of
the assessments.
For ministry, they will usually recommend assessment at P3 level
onwards usually as for cases where Special Accommodations for Examinations are
recommended, at point of application, the report can only be considered valid
of it's within 3 years. So if the report is at P3 it will be just nice to apply
for accommodations at P6 leaving examination
For Autism so far we only have 2 main special schools. 1 for the
lower-functioning and the other for higher-functioning kids
For cases whom parents sent
assessment on their own, for Dyslexia cases usually will be referred to
Dyslexia Association of Singapore (DAS). Many branches across the country. In
the past before the SDR programme existed, the Ed psychologist from ministry will
also refer the cases to DAS for intervention
Jadi bandingkanlah bagaimana sistem di Singapura ini dengan di Malaysia... mana yang baik kita jadikan panduan untuk penambahbaikan sistem di Malaysia.
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